camera components

A minimum of a camera comprising:

- Light-proof box (camera body)

- Lens system

- The lighter portrait (shutter)

- Movie player

Lens System

Lens system mounted on the front of the pit box, in the form of a single lens made of plastic or glass, or a number of lenses that are arranged in a metal cylinder.

The level of light blockage f expressed with numbers, or relative aperture. The lower the f number, the bigger or smaller opening penghalangannya level. Aperture diaphragm is governed by the window. Relative aperture is set by a diaphragm. For SLR cameras, the lens aperture is equipped with a regulator that controls the amount of light entering the suit photographers.

Lens type fast or slow lens is determined by the range of values ​​that F can be used.

Besides the normal lens, wide angle lens, also known (wide lens), small-angle lens (telephoto lens), and a variable lens (variable lens, or by the layman called the zoom lens.

Wide-angle lens has a focal length lenses are smaller than usual. But it depends on the width designations film used. For the film 35 millimeter, 35 millimeter lens will be called a wide-angle lens, while the 135 mm lens will be called telephoto lenses.

Lenses can be changed variable focus range, by changing the relative position of the lens elements. The lens will focus light to produce a shadow the size of the movie. Grouped according to the length lens focal length (the distance between the two lenses).

Focal lenght affect the composition of images that can be produced. In the general population, better known as zoom.

The lighter Images

Lighter portrait shutter button or mounted behind the lens or between the lens. Most SLR cameras have a timer mechanism to allow varying the shutter opening time. This time is short shutter was opened, allowing the beam of light on the film.

Some ordinary people consider the ability of the camera is proportional to the magnitude of the maximum shutter speed can be used.

Other parts

Other parts of a camera, among other things:

1. Mechanisms that play movies roll film parts alternately be disclosed on an object

2. Focus mechanism which can vary the distance between the lens and the film,

3. Scanner photography composition (range finder) that shows what will be photographed and what the main  

    objects are focussed

4. lightmeter to help set the shutter speed and or large openings, so that the amount of light that the film is   

    quite right to obtain a satisfactory image or picture.

Some cameras, especially the type of pocket cameras usually do not have any of the parts.

History of Cameras

The camera starts from a similar tool known as the Camera Obscura which is a box that has not been equipped with a camera to capture an image or a movie shadow. In the 16th century Girolamo Cardano complete camera obscura with a lens on the front of the camera obscura. However, the image produced was not durable, so the discovery of Girolamo has not been considered as the world of photography. In 1727 Johann Scultze in his research found that highly sensitive silver salts terhada light but he has not come across the concept of how to move ideas forward.

In 1826, Joseph Niepce Nicepore publish images from camera the image produced, in the form of vague picture of the roofs of houses on a pewter plate dipekakan mixture was then known as the first photo. Then, in 1839, Louis Daguerre published its findings in the form of an image resulting from the shadow of a street in Paris on a silver-coated copper plate. Daguerre who held joint venture in 1829 to continue the development program Niepce camera, although Niepce died in 1833, developed a camera known as the daguerreotype cameras are considered practical in the world of photography, where in return for its findings, the French government gave the prize money to a lifetime pension Daguerre and Niepce family. Daguerreotype camera and then developed into a camera developed now

CORELDRAW

CorelDRAW is a vector graphics editor developed and marketed by Corel Corporation of Ottawa, Canada. It is also the name of Corel's Graphics Suite, which bundles CorelDraw with a bitmap image editor, Corel PhotoPaint, and other graphics-related programs (see below). The latest version is designated X6 (equivalent to version 16), and was released in March 2012.


History

In 1987, Corel hired software engineers Michel Bouillon and Pat Beirne to develop a vector-based illustration program to bundle with their desktop publishing systems. That program, CorelDRAW, was initially released in 1989. CorelDRAW 1.x and 2.x runs under Windows 2.x and 3.0. CorelDRAW 3.0 came into its own with Microsoft's release of Windows 3.1. The inclusion of TrueType in Windows 3.1 transformed CorelDRAW into a serious illustration program capable of using system-installed outline fonts without requiring third-party software such as Adobe Type Manager; paired with a photo editing program (PhotoPaint), a font manager and several other pieces of software, it was also part of the first all-in-one graphics suite.

 
The first book devoted to CorelDRAW was Mastering CorelDRAW by Chris Dickman, published by Peachpit Press in 1990, with a contribution by Rick Altman. Dickman also founded and published the independent Mastering CorelDRAW Journal publication, and created and ran the first site dedicated to CorelDRAW, CorelNET.com, from 1995 to 1997.

Macromedia

Macromedia is a software company engaged in the field of graphic and web development. The company was founded in 1992 and has grown rapidly in the 1990s and early 2000s. In December 2005, Macromedia acquired a rival company, Adobe Systems, Adobe temporary but is still using Macromedia name on a number of programs.

Macromedia was established in 1992 through the merger of Authorware Inc.. (manufacturer of Authorware) and MacroMind-Paracomp (Macromind manufacturers Director). Until the mid-1990s, Macromedia Director is used to produce CD-ROMs and information kiosks Macromedia is still a superior product, but with increasing popularity of the World Wide Web creating Macromedia Shockwave, a web browser plugin for the Director and in 1996 acquired two companies web-oriented, FutureWave software (which makes FutureSplash Animator - which later evolved into Flash) and iBand software (makers of HTML authoring software - which is used as a basis for developing Dreamweaver).

Macromedia acquired Allaire in 2001, which develops ColdFusion before eventually own in 2005 Macromedia was purchased by Adobe.

Adobe Dreamweaver

Adobe Dreamweaver is a web page editing program output Adobe Systems formerly known as Macromedia Macromedia Dreamweaver output. The program is widely used by web developers because of its attractive and ease of use. The latest version of Macromedia Dreamweaver before Macromedia was purchased by Adobe Systems which is version 8. The latest version of Dreamweaver output is version 12 of Adobe Systems is in the Adobe Creative Suite 6 (often abbreviated Adobe CS6).

History of the Internet

The Internet is a computer network established by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1969, through a project called ARPANET ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency Network), where they demonstrated how the computer hardware and software based on UNIX, we can make communication within the infinity through the telephone line.

ARPANET project designing a network, reliability, how much information can be transferred, and eventually all of the standards that they set into the embryo development of a new protocol which is now known as TCP / IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol).

The initial purpose of the project was built for military purposes. At that time the Department of Defense of the United States (U.S. Department of Defense) create a system of computer networks to connect computers scattered in areas vital to tackle the problem in case of nuclear attack and to avoid centralized information, which in the event of war can easily be destroyed.

At first ARPANET only 4 sites linking only the Stanford Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, University of Utah, where they form an integrated network in 1969, and in general the ARPANET was introduced in October 1972. Not long after the project is growing rapidly in all regions, and all universities in the country wants to join, thus making it difficult to set the ARPANET.

Therefore ARPANET split widened two, namely "MILNET" for military purposes and the "ARPANET" new smaller for non-military purposes, such as universities. Combined both networks eventually known as the DARPA Internet, which then reduces to the Internet.

Share Wireless Internet Connection on LAN

The WiFi system allows you to share internet connection using wireless LAN with multiple computers and the procedure of sharing Internet connection through WLAN has been already discussed. But, what about that if you have a wireless USB modem to connect internet and want to share that connection with another computer at your home desktop which do not have neither the WLAN nor a router?

If you can’t afford the additional wireless port or a router, you can use an Ethernet crossover cable to share the internet connection.

Things you will need

1. A crossover Ethernet cable.

2. Supported LAN card in both the computer.

3. The Ethernet Network driver installed.

4. A wireless USB modem to connect internet.

Computer the host computer

After getting ready with the requirements, attach the modem with host computer (the computer which you’ll use to share the Internet) and connect with internet using that device.

Go to Control Panel from the start menu and click on Network and Internet > Network and Sharing Center. A windows appears. Click on the Change adapter settings from the left sidebar.

Under the Network Connections windows, select the correct icon representing your wireless modem and right-click on it and select Properties from the context menu.

The Wireless Terminal Properties box appears. Flip to the Sharing tab and configure the Internet Connection Sharing as follows:

1. Check the box “Allow other network user to connect through this computer’s Internet connection”. Once you select this option, you will get a message like this:

Simply click OK.

2. Select the network connection type from the drop-down box. In this case you should select the “Local Area Connection”.

3. You can allow other network user to control or disable the shared Internet connection by selecting the check box.

4. Finally, click OK. A message should appear confirming that the IP address will be changed to192.168.137.1.

Simply click on Yes which will show another message saying that the IP has been set to above value and you may lost any existing connection.

That’s all to configure the host computer for sharing internet connection from it using an Ethernet Crossover cable.

Configuring the client computer

In the computer where you want to use the internet connection shared from the host computer, configure the LAN adapter by the following way.

As the previous part Go to the settings for your LAN adapter and change the IP address toObtain an IP address automatically and Obtain DNS server address automatically.

This should enable the Internet connection in your client computer.

Make Ad-hoc On Windows 7

Now a days in this growing world of technology, the internet has slowly but surely become a basic necessity in our day to day life. At present we need the internet not only in our computers but also in the cell phones and other various wireless devices which may not always have a Wi-Fi connection available. Henceforth we try to solve the difficulty by creating a wireless Ad Hoc network in Windows 7.

Creating an Ad Hoc Network :

The first and foremost step in this regard is to go to the search box of the start menu and type “wireless”. Once you have done that you should see a list above and from that select“Manage Wireless Networks”.

A new window opens up. In this window navigate to the “Add” button and click on it.

After that click on the option called “Create an ad hoc network”.

Once finished you should see a window appearing where you will find a message telling you about Ad Hoc network. In this window click on “Next”.

The window that appears next requires you to give a network name, security type and the security key. If you wish to use this Ad Hoc network over and over again then check the“Save Network” option. The security type will depend on what the wireless adapter is capable of. In general cases it is found that if you’re only using it quickly with different types of devices it’s easier to have no security. On the other hand if you are keeping it on for full-time use, you’ll definitely want to use security.

After completing with the above just wait a while for the network to be created.

You should receive a message that the network has been created successfully and is ready to use.

Your next job is to verify the Ad Hoc network by clicking on the wireless icon on the task bar. You should see the name of the network and alongside it a message “Waiting for users”.

Now on the client computer when you click on the wireless connection icon you can see the name of the network and also an option “connect”. Click on the option and connect to the network.

Then on the Host machine you will see that the other computer is connected to your Ad Hoc network.

Your Ad Hoc network has been established and you are capable of transferring and sharing files. But if you want to share your internet connection with other wireless devices then go to the host’s wireless adapter icon and right click on it. Then go to “properties” and subsequently to the  “Sharing” tab and select “Allow other network users to connect through this computer’s Internet connection“.

Clicking the “Settings” option you can select the network services the Client machine can access.

Your job is done. Now you can share documents and the Internet connection between machines and devices.

About Camera Video / Film

VIDEO CAMERA / FILMIs a Mechanical or Electronic device used to record moving images / audio visual recording media cassette tape or film.There are different types of camera such as: Consumer Camera (handycam), prosumer (semi-professional) and Professional Camera which is used by the Television and Production House in making a TV program / film.CAMERA CREW.Sebuatan is for a group of people who are directly involved in the operation of the camera during the production / filming.They include: Director of Photography DOP, Camera operator, camera assistant, focus puller, grip, key grip, dolly grip, etc.CAMERA ANGLE.The placement of a camera and what can be seen through the camera to produce the desired image composition, examples such as High Angle shooting angle is from the point of view of the above, is the opposite of Low angle High angle, while Eye level is a parallel shooting eye.CAMERA BLOCKING.Is the placement of the camera to get the Angle and the desired composition of the image according to the needs of script / scenario.CAMERA MOVEMENT.Movement of the camera is to obtain an appropriate image based on the perspective and camera angles.Types of camera movement is tracking the movement of the camera forward / backward, Sliding camera movement to the left / right, Swing movement as float (usually the movement is using JimmJip)CAMERA ROLL.It is called when the recording camera in every shot taken by a camera operator, and each will be numbered in order of shot-making. Usually marked with the abbreviation 'CR' followed by a number, this is done to simplify the process of editing.CAMERA LOADER / ClapperThe person in charge of holding and operating clapboard at the beginning of each shot is done to facilitate the recording of the sceneCAMERA BOOM.Place camera that can be moved, usually large; places the camera can be projected out sets and or raised on it, normally used for the benefit of film-making.CAMERA CAP.Cover / protector installed on the front of the camera to protect the camera from light and dust when the lens is not attached.

Share Internet Connection Via Wireless in Windows XP

If you want to share your internet connection via WLAN (Wireless LAN) there are various way to do so. If your OS is Windows 7/Vista then it is very easy to share your connection [Create Wireless Home Network Without Router in Windows 7/Vista]. But what about the Windows XP? Personally, I used a third party software to share my internet connection with my room mates when using Windows XP (Professional). I did not like to use any third party software for this purpose but there was no option left while I was failed to share my connection without  any software.

Why you should not use any third party software

1. The third party applications are more complex and use a large amount of memory. Obviously, this slow downs your machine. Where the only purpose is to share the internet connection then why would you use the complex applications?

2. When you use any third party tool there may be some issues with the security and privacy.

How to share the internet connection via Wireless LAN (WLAN)

Sharing internet connection in Windows XP via Wireless LAN is easy and simple process. Follow the instructions step by step.

1. Go to Control Panel > Network and Internet Connections > Network Connections.

2. Right click on the connection which is used to access the internet in your machine. Generally, it is the Local Area Connection. Right click on it and select Properties.

3. In the Local Area Connection Properties window, click on the “Advanced” tab. Now check in the box indicating “Allow other network user to connect through this computer’s Internet connection” and click OK.

4. Repeat the step 1 and right click on the “Wireless Network Connection” then choose“Properties”.

5. In the Wireless Network Connection Properties window select the “Wireless Networks”tab.

6. Check the box “Use Windows to configure my wireless network settings and then click on “Add…”.

7. Another window will pop up. Give a Network name (SSID) > Keep the check boxes checked or unchecked as highlighted in the picture below > Select the Network Authentication as“Open” and the Data encryption as “WEP” > type the Network key (Should be 5 or 13 Alphanumeric character) > Click on OK.

8. Now select connection and click on “Advanced”.

9. In the pop up window click on the button “Any available network (access point preferred)”then click on close and the OK.

Your network has been created successfully. Now you have to connect to that network.

1. Go to Control Panel > Network and Internet Connections > Network Connections.

2. Right click on the “Wireless Network Connection” then choose “View Available Wireless Networks”.

3. Select the network from the list and click on “Connect” > give the security key > Click“Connect”.

Now if any body wants to use the internet connection shared by you, he should connect to this network providing the same security key. After successful connection, he will able to access the internet from his machine.

BASIC VOCATIONAL COMPETENCIES : OPERATING SYSTEM

The operating system (English: operating system; OS) is a set of programs that manage computer hardware resources and provide common services for application software. The operating system is the most important type of system software in a computer system. Without the operating system, the user can not run an application program on their computer, unless the application program boot.

The operating system has a systematic scheduling includes memory usage calculation, data processing, data storage, and other resources.

For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between application programs and the computer hardware,

although the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware and will frequently call the OS or lost by it. Operating systems are found on almost any device that contains a computer-from cell phones and video game consoles to supercomputers and web servers.

Examples of modern operating systems are Linux, Android, iOS, Mac OS X, and Microsoft Windows.

This sitem some screenshots of the current operation

Android:

IOS (Apple)

Linux

OS X

Microsoft Windows

Windows Phone

Unix

nahhh that he had friends all some operating systems that I know of

SOFTWARE

The software is a general term for data that is formatted and stored digitally, including computer programs, documentation, and other information that can be read and written bycomputers. In other words, the computer systems that are not tangible. This term includesthe difference with computer hardware.

Below are some examples of kinds of software, namely:

a.Application software (application software) such as word processing, sheet counting tables, media player, and a package of office applications such as OpenOffice.org. 

b.Operating system (operating system) such as Ubuntu. 

c.Software development tools (software development tool) such as compilers for high-levelprogramming languages ​​such as Pascal and low-level programming language is assembly language.

 
     
d.Controller hardware (device drivers) is the liaison between the maid and computerhardware is software that is widely used in supermarkets and schools, namely the use ofbarcode scanners in other database applications.  

      

e.Settled software (firmware) as it is installed in a digital wristwatch and remote control.       

 

f.Free software (free 'libre' software) and open source software (open source software)      

 

g.Free software (freeware)

h.Software testing (shareware / 'trialware) 

      

i.Destroyer software (malware)